Tolkien was a brilliant man who spent much of his adult life as a professor of philology at Oxford University. In addition to his literary genius, Tolkien was also a strong supporter of personal liberty. This article will attempt to examine a very specific area in which Tolkien’s political views seem to spill over into his world of Middle Earth.
How much of your time do you spend complaining about government actions or politicians? Do you cringe when you see political ads? Do you feel like the country is full of unjust laws that oppress people or even make your own life harder every day? We’ve established that your vote doesn’t matter, yet you will be inundated on a daily basis with ads telling you how important it is for you to vote, even that it’s the most important thing you can do.
Satan promises Jesus the glory and authority held by all the kingdoms of the world. His only request is that Jesus bow down and worship him...In human terms, it is a tremendous temptation. How often do we trade the unseen promises of God for the things we can see right in front of us? We fail to view the world with eyes of faith... Christians need to become reliant on divine power.
I have never seen anything hurt the influence and voice of the Church more than politics. We must remember that politics, like every other system in this world, is fallen, flawed and broken. It is time for the Church to stop putting all its hope and trust in a broken system and instead time for the Church to rise up and actually be the Church—peculiar people that love their neighbors, and even enemies, more than themselves.
Engage almost anyone in a discussion on pacifism, and you'll inevitably be cornered with some form of this same question (sometimes disguised as a hypothetical):"Oh, so you would just let the bad guys do bad things and not use **insert favorite weapon** to kill them?"
While this question might have merit, it's really overlooking the ultimate goal: to be a peacemaker (not stop a singular attack). Jesus tells us in Matthew 5 that children of God are peacemakers. But what really is peace?
Peace is defined as “free from disturbance”. To be peacemakers we have to seek solutions in order to calm disturbances. Ever wondered why most states call even defensible homicides before a Grand Jury? Ever wonder why legal retainers for gun owners are strongly suggested? It's quite simple: returning violence isn't considered to be peacemaking. Jesus would tell his apostles that he who lives by a sword would die by a sword. Or, more generally, he who uses violence will have violence returned to him.
When Stephen was being stoned in the earlier part of Acts, would he have been considered "harmless as doves" had he got up and sliced everyone's head off? Absolutely not. When violence was done to Stephen, like Jesus, they both endured and prayed.
Pacifism is the true path to peace, not defensible violence, and we know this! We use it all day, every day to be peacemakers. Why do you pay taxes? So that the state won't rush into your home at gunpoint. Why do you do what your boss wants you to do when you may disagree? Why is it easier to do what your spouse wants than to force your desires in the situation? Simply because pacifying someone is a phenomenal way to bring about peace and be peacemakers.
Now, I'm sure you still have, or have at least heard of, some nearly impossible to answer hypothetical questions that you or someone think pacifism would be unable to resolve.
But, let's consider a few things here.
It isn't always about stopping a single instance of violence against someone, but peacemaking has lasting implications in solving violence now and in the future. When you make peace with a person, instead of doing harm, especially when that harm includes death, the effects are generational. We are not islands, every person has a family, whether it is parents, siblings, kids, or a spouse- all are affected by what happens in that individual’s life.
Responding with violence only begets more violence. You cannot overcome evil with evil,it must be overcome with good. Your actions can help turn a violent spouse or father into a loving one. They can help turn a child disobedient to parents into an obedient child. And even further, if you are still harmed, how will those around you now see you as someone searching for peace? Would the stoning of Stephen, in Acts, have as big of an impact if he whipped out a sword and started stabbing his attackers? Certainly not. The actions of Stephen are powerful because he prayed for his enemies’ forgiveness. They’re the same actions of his Lord, Jesus, on the cross. So should our actions imitate.
What happens if you shoot at an attacker, miss, enrage them further, and are, yourself, killed? Who, then, is going to defend the others around you, who are more likely to face heightened rage themselves?.
There are others around you. Think about when you watched a hostage situation in either a movie or a real life situation. What does the negotiator try to do? Pacify the attacker to save the lives of the group.
“We will give you a million dollars, pizza, a helicopter...just think about what you're threatening to do!”
The Christian rapper, NF, has a song with some power lyrics talking about how our actions against violence can affect others:
This girl at the show looked me in the face
And told me her life's full of drama
Said that her dad is abusive
Apparently he likes to beat on her mama
I got so angry inside
I wanted to tell her to give me his number
But what you gon' do with it right?
You gon' hit him up then he'll start hitting her harder
That's real
Our actions of aggression can most certainly harm others.
They don't call it an "arms race" for just any reason. They call it such because the first to come up with the deadliest weapon is considered the winner. Ever wonder why tons of countries are always trying to develop nuclear weapons? Because they're trying to defend against someone with a nuclear weapon.
Back to our hostage negotiation scenario again, what often happens? They talk but show they are unarmed. Why? Arms are a threat. Someone unarmed isn't a threat. If we are to be as harmless as doves then as Christians we are to not be perceived as a threat.
If we show up with a knife, evil people will grab guns. Show up with guns, and they'll come up with bombs. Why are we participating in arms races? Let's just call them the winner and quit making things worse for others.
In conclusion, pacifism is the only solution for peace. We must quit thinking about just ourselves in a single moment and truly think about all others both now and in the future. Provoking enemies and participating in arms races will only make the enemies more powerful and more capable of harm.
Rather, we should be harmless. To love our enemy, we must seek ways to end disturbances, not provoke them.
[Photo Credit: The Flower Power photograph by Bernie Boston, taken during "March on The Pentagon", 21 October 1967.]The Nuremberg trials were a series of military tribunals after WWII where members of the Nazi party who carried out the Holocaust were tried for war crimes. The Superior Orders defense was used so extensively in these tribunals, the term has now become interchangeable with “the Nuremberg defense.” This defense asserts that a person cannot be held responsible for their actions if they were under direct orders from a superior to carry them out. In the Nuremberg trials, it was ruled that this was not a valid defense when charged with war crimes. It was certainly a sobering moment in human history for all to consider how far they were willing to go under orders of an authority figure.
Inspired by the Nuremberg trials, Yale University psychologist Stanley Milgram devised an experiment to measure obedience to authority figures. The subjects of the experiment were made to believe they were assisting in a study on how punishment affected a person’s ability to memorize information. The subject was instructed to give the “learner” a shock each time they gave an incorrect response. The subjects believed they were giving real electrical shocks to the other person, who in reality was an actor pretending to receive these shocks. The actor would increasingly protest as the imaginary shock voltage increased, to the point of crying out and banging on the wall for the experiment to stop. At the highest voltages, the actor would fall silent. If the subject hesitated in being willing to administer the shocks, the experimenter would reinforce the importance of them continuing with the experiment. Milgram learned that 65% of the subjects were willing to carry out the experiment until they had reached the maximum voltage of electric shock. Although every subject paused at least once to question the experiment, the majority of them were willing to continue when instructed to do so by the authority figure. This was certainly a shocking result. The 65% of subjects who continued to the end of the experiment believed that they had rendered an innocent person unconscious or potentially killed them, but were willing to do so because their instinct to obey authority was so strong.
Six years after the experiment, during the height of the Vietnam war, one of the former subjects wrote to Milgram explaining why he was thankful he had participated in the experiment:
While I was a subject in 1964, though I believed that I was hurting someone, I was totally unaware of why I was doing so. Few people ever realize when they are acting according to their own beliefs and when they are meekly submitting to authority ... To permit myself to be drafted with the understanding that I am submitting to authority's demand to do something very wrong would make me frightened of myself ... I am fully prepared to go to jail if I am not granted Conscientious Objector status. Indeed, it is the only course I could take to be faithful to what I believe. My only hope is that members of my board act equally according to their conscience.
Muhammad Ali was the heavyweight boxing champion of the world in the golden era of boxing and has been ranked the greatest heavyweight boxer of all time. He was outspoken and oftentimes provocative which led to him becoming an icon. Mentored by Malcolm X, Ali converted to the Nation of Islam. In 1966 the requirements for draft eligibility changed and Ali was notified that he would be eligible to be drafted. He announced that he would refuse to serve in the US army as it was against his religious beliefs and applied for conscientious objector status. His application was denied and he was ordered to appear for induction to the US army in April of 1967. Although he did appear, he refused to step forward when his name was called. Immediately Ali’s boxing license was revoked and he was stripped of his title as heavyweight champion. He was convicted of the criminal offense of violating the selective service laws. He appealed his case and was allowed to remain free through the appellate process. Although he was barred from boxing, he began speaking out against the war around the country. By the time his case went before the supreme court, public opinion on the war had shifted and his case was overturned. Muhammad Ali was not only willing to resist authority but to put his entire life, career, and freedom on the line to stand up for his convictions. His actions had a major effect on public opinion and increasing pressure on politicians to end the war in Vietnam.
You are probably given “orders” to follow multiple times a day. Your boss will ask you to complete certain tasks, customers may have requests of you, your family members may ask you to do chores, even following a recipe when you cook. You can never escape following orders, but you can make a point to be conscious of making following orders a secondary reason for the choices you make. Your boss may ask you to complete a task. You choose to follow through on it because you understand and agree with the vision of the company and feel like that task is in line with that vision as well as an efficient use of your time. It is important to practice measuring the small every day orders you follow against your personal ethics, so you are prepared and willing to sacrifice, if necessary, to uphold your principles when more serious situations arise. Is doing something you believe in more important than how much money you make? Is how much money you make more important than spending extra time with your family?
The pull to blindly submit to authority is very strong and not only psychologically. There are oftentimes serious personal and professional consequences as well. What would it take to make you quit your job or risk getting fired? What lines, if crossed, would result in the ending of a personal relationship? It’s important to have clear boundaries in every personal and professional relationship, but these boundaries don’t come without consequences. It may not be as black and white as ending the relationship altogether, but deciding what is and is not worth fighting for requires serious talk and some negotiation.
It’s easy to look back on the Holocaust, the Milgram experiment, and the Vietnam war and perhaps picture yourself on the right side of history, standing up to authority and refusing to harm your fellow human beings. Don’t make the mistake of believing yourself to be harmless. These were not anomalies in history, but examples of harnessing natural human nature into a force for catastrophic destruction. The benefit of hindsight makes things easy to recognize, but even today, we see praise for government agents separating families, imprisoning peaceful people, or even killing. Recognize this nature also lies within yourself and stay vigilant. Take responsibility for every thought, word, and action and never simply follow orders.
On March 16, 2020, Minnesota was pretty much closed for business. I went to a restaurant for lunch that day. My party and another party of two were the only ones dining at a normally busy local lunch destination. The staff was cleaning furiously and paying special attention to everything we touched. Restaurants in Minnesota were to be closed on the following day.
Minnesota Governor Tim Walz, a man who usually has a soft-spoken and pleasant demeanor that conflicts with his heavy-handed governing style, addressed the state to let us know that he had not ordered a shelter-in-place order because Minnesotans were doing it on their own. It was a relief to see that the governor was recognizing that people were making smart decisions on their own, but it was unlike our governor. On March 25th, he unilaterally issued an executive order that Minnesotans were to shelter-in-place until Good Friday, an order which would later be extended until May 1st.
By the time the initial order would have ended, it was obvious that many Minnesotans were fed up. Many proceeded with Easter family gatherings as if everything were normal. By the end of the following week, it was clear that Minnesota was becoming an emotional powder keg, ready to blow at any time. Many were scared for their health and the health of their loved ones. Others dealt with the challenges of being out of work and having their kids out of school. I was most concerned about what a world with a devastated economy, a massive amount of fear, and an overreaching government would look like for my daughter. I didn't know how I was going to stand up for my family in the wake of this frightening new world that was unfolding.
Those feelings prompted a liberty-loving friend and me to embark on a complaining session. I should have known better. Complaining to this particular friend (shout out to Matt Kowalski) oftentimes results in him brainstorming a course of action to pursue. We were sick of seeing a growing number of friends struggling financially, and we were more than happy to play revolutionaries. Soon we were rallying a team of people with similar ideals and skills to join us and the five of us became the founding members of ReOpen MN. That’s when things started actually happening. Our Facebook page grew quickly. We made relationships with similar groups and it was awesome.
That all changed for me the day that I asked the members of our page about their personal stories. It was like the balloon of optimism I had been riding had been violently poked with a needle, and the needles just kept coming. One of the first stories I received was about a drug overdose. Then, a story about a man dying of heart failure, yet the surgery was deemed "elective". Heart-breaking story after story followed:
A married couple I knew personally whose daughter survived brain cancer was unable to get the myriad of follow up appointments she needed.
A laid-off nurse who could no longer get the spinal injections she needs to relieve her crippling pain.
A woman who was blocked from accessing treatments she needs to manage her Lymes disease.
Several single parents who couldn't possibly care for their families on the money the government would give them.
The endless stories put the whole thing in perspective. I had been worried about people's long term financial insecurity and the effects it may have on things like suicide rates, but people were telling me personal stories about death and suffering that were actually happening in real-time. While governors spew rhetoric about saving "even one life", they've chosen to pick who lives and who dies.
It gets harder and harder for me to tolerate the "people's lives are more important than the economy" narrative when people are dying due to economic circumstances. In an attempt to save those with compromised health, we've chosen to let many others die. I understand we've been trying to keep the healthcare industry from being overwhelmed, but in doing so we've also told that industry who to save and who to let go.
As a Christian, I have to believe all life is sacred and made in the image of God. I'm not willing to choose who will live and who will die. The saddest part is most hospitals aren't even having the problems with capacity that were predicted(The University of Washington model tracks ICU bed capacity. On April 2nd it was reported that New York governor Andrew Cuomo was warning that New York would run out of ventilators in 6 days. On April 15th, New York was giving ventilators to other states.) As we can see now, the decision to prioritize some lives over others did not have to be made.
My progression towards Anarchism began when I started studying the founding documents and the other writings by the authors of The United States Constitution. Little did I know that I was on a path that would turn my understanding of the political world upside down.
The Constitution is the document that outlines how the government is to establish and maintain its legitimacy and restrict it’s authority. The first ten amendments, known collectively as the Bill of Rights, are supposed to secure and protect our Liberty. Do I believe the Constitution has been proven ineffective? Yes. Do I believe if the Constitution was actually followed we would be in a better situation than we are today? Yes. Does this mean the constitution should be regarded as some God given authority? Absolutely not! It is probably best recognized as a rule book ratified by the States to create the Federal government.
At the time of this writing, we are in a crisis, and that crisis is not Covid-19. We are in a Constitutional crisis. We are in a Loss of Liberty crisis.The Bill of Rights is being stripped right before our eyes, and it is happening with thunderous applause from Americans. I expect pushback from other Anarchists and Statists alike for this article and that's fine. Both will say, why do you care what the Constitution says--you are an Anarchist.
There is a very simple explanation for that and it goes something like this: I believe Anarchists have a real responsibility to have a working knowledge of the United States Constitution, because with it we can point to the numerous violations of the Constitution committed by the government in conversation with both Statist and non-Statist.
We will never convince a Statist that Anarchism is preferable to a centralized government without being able to point out the violations of our Liberty the federal and/or state governments have and continue to commit. To do this we as Anarchists need a working knowledge of the Constitution--without that, Statists will continue to disregard our attempts at pointing out how a Voluntary society is preferable to a society that relies on a centralized government.
I need to preface the rest of this article with this: my understanding of the Constitution is from an originalist point of view. I have no interest in Supreme Court rulings that are meant to determine the constitutionality of laws passed by Congress. Thomas Jefferson was adamant about who the final arbiters of the Constitution were and it is We the People. Not someone adorned in a black robe.
He made this clear in many letters written about his concern for Judicial tyranny.
“If [as the Federalists say] “the judiciary is the last resort in relation to the other departments of the government,”..., then indeed is our Constitution a complete felo de so. … The Constitution, on this hypothesis, is a mere thing of wax in the hands of the judiciary, which they may twist and shape into any form they may please. It should be remembered, as an axiom of eternal truth in politics, that whatever power in any government is independent, is absolute also; in theory only, at first, while the spirit of the people is up, but in practice, as fast as that relaxes. Independence can be trusted nowhere but with the people in mass. They are inherently independent of all but moral law…”
Letter to Judge Spencer Roane, Nov. 1819
“The judiciary of the United States is the subtle corps of sappers and miners constantly working underground to undermine our Constitution from a co-ordinate of a general supreme one alone. This will lay all things at their feet… I will say, that” against this every man should raise his voice,” and, more, should uplift his arm…”
Politicians of all parties, police officers, and soldiers in the military all swear the same oath to protect and uphold the Constitution.This oath makes it necessary to understand the original intention behind the Constitution, the same intention that is being violated daily by those who swear an oath to it.
I completely agree with Lysander Spooner’s assessment of the Constitution, when he says:
"...whether the Constitution really be one thing, or another, this much is certain - that it has either authorized such a government as we have had, or has been powerless to prevent it. In either case, it is unfit to exist."
And to quote my favorite founder, Patrick Henry, who himself refused to sign the Constitution:
“It is said eight states have adopted this plan. I declare that if twelve states and a half had adopted it, I would, with manly firmness, and in spite of an erring world, reject it….Will the abandonment of your most sacred rights tend to the security of your liberty? Liberty, the greatest of all earthly blessing- give us that precious jewel, and you may take everything else!”
That being said I still believe we should have a working knowledge of the Constitution. We have to, as Anarchists, be capable of pointing out to someone when they are defending government actions that violate the Constitution. People are waking up to our awful situation, but they need some direction. The Constitution isn't difficult to understand, especially if you approach it by reading what was put down in various State responses.
James Madison served as one of the chief architects of the Constitution and championed the Bill of Rights. He took extensive notes of the proceedings of the Federal Convention and insisted that the document be interpreted according to the understanding of its ratifiers. He believed the records of the state ratification conventions provided the best evidence of the Constitution's original meaning, saying:
“Whatever veneration might be entertained for the body of men who formed our Constitution, the sense of that body could never be regarded as the oracular guide in expounding the Constitution. As the instrument came from them it was nothing more than the draft of a plan, nothing but a dead letter, until life and validity were breathed into it by the voice of the people, speaking through the several State Conventions. If we were to look, therefore, for the meaning of the instrument beyond the face of the instrument, we must look for it, not in the General Convention, which proposed, but in the State Conventions, which accepted and ratified the Constitution.”
“Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances”
We are witnessing this amendment being violated by governors and law enforcement officers alike, both of which, we should remember, have taken oaths to uphold this “sacred” document . For instance, look at the pastor in Tampa who was arrested for holding a church service or the multiple reports of folks being given citations for hanging out with family and friends. One such example is a father being detained for playing catch with his 6 year old daughter in a Colorado park.
“The right of the people to be secure in their persons, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.”
In Rhode Island, the governor announced that the national guard will be conducting house to house searches to hunt down New Yorkers seeking refuge in their state. In addition, Rhode Island police officers will be pulling over every vehicle they see with a New York license plate. This order was rescinded due to a lawsuit threatened by NY governor Cuomo, which in itself is laughable considering his continued violations of the 4th amendment.
“No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.”
“Due Process” is defined by the legal requirement that the state must respect all legal rights that are owed to a person. Upon examination of this article, we should be able to admit that every stay-at-home order and business obliged to close due to state-force clear violation of the 5th amendment.
Our rights are not suspended due to a pandemic and with a working knowledge of the Constitution, we as Anarchists/Voluntarists can begin to point out the multitude of violations the state has made against its own rules.
Before we can begin to point out what a free society could look like, we must meet people where they are. Your average American will not take the time to research the original intent of the Constitution, but will choose to listen to what their favorite politician or mainstream media outlet says regarding the content of the Constitution, making it even more important to have this type of knowledge.
I applaud anyone who can help point folks to Liberty without pointing out the many contradictions and violations of the state. Studying the constitution has allowed me to better explain the infringements being made on our individual and collective rights, both as Americans and, for many of you reading this, Christians.
Love Y’all!
Growing up, I learned that Jesus said to love our enemies. I understood the practical application of this to mean I should just ignore people who are mean to me. I believed that obviously wars are necessary (how else could we defeat the Nazis?), and, of course, you should defend yourself if someone is trying to hurt you or steal from you.
The first time I heard the idea that people who want to physically hurt me might be the same enemies Jesus said to love, it blew my mind! Not because I disagreed, but because I never thought about it in that way before. Then I took a closer look at what Jesus was saying:
But to you who are listening, I say: Love your enemies, do good to those who hate you, bless those who curse you, pray for those who mistreat you.
If someone slaps you on one cheek, turn to them the other also. If someone takes your coat, do not withhold your shirt from them. Give to everyone who asks you, and if anyone takes what belongs to you, do not demand it back.
Luke 6:27-30
He is asking us to really see those seeking to cause us harm and look past their actions, to see who they really are, what their needs are, and to love them as God does. How can I help this person engaging in harmful behavior and maybe show them kindness and love they may have never experienced before?
In Biblical times people expected that when the Messiah came, He would be a warrior and a political leader. He instead allowed himself to be tortured and executed by political leaders. By doing so, he conquered sin and death and changed the world forever.
Jesus explained that the kingdom of God doesn't work the way the kingdoms of the world do. Whoever wants to be first must be last, and whoever wants to be greatest must be the servant of all. The way to bring about God's kingdom on Earth, the way to bring about peace, love, and justice, is by being a servant, even of those who would try to hurt you.
Now this does not mean closing your eyes to evil and sitting back doing nothing while horrible things happen. Jesus said blessed are the peacemakers. Being a pacifist means very actively working toward peace. If you witness someone stealing or murdering, it is not in their best interest to allow them to continue in this behavior. However, it is also not in their best interest to hurt or murder them in order to stop them.
God's justice works through healing and restoration. Meeting evil with love is the only way to stop the cycle of violence. This is why it is also important to actively love your neighbors and heal your community before people are driven to making the choice of harming others.
During the civil rights movement, nonviolent resistance proved to be the most effective tool. In Martin Luther King Jr's letter from the jail in Birmingham, he explained why he was engaging in demonstrations against unjust laws and the importance of engaging in this activism non-violently. Civil rights groups actively worked toward a more peaceful world by shedding light on unjust laws to expose the violence and evils occurring in the world, rather than continuing to accept the status quo. They did this in a way that was loving toward their oppressors. Their actions showed they would not seek to harm anyone and would take blows and imprisonment without retaliation, and that they would not allow their oppressors to continue in their harmful behavior. They were seeking a way of healing and forgiveness.
One of my favorite books, Les Miserables by Victor Hugo, tells the story of Jean Valjean, a man driven, through poverty, to steal bread. He is imprisoned for this offense and remains there for 19 years because of multiple escape attempts. Upon his release, he finds that he is still not really free because no one is willing to hire an ex-convict. He is shunned from society and unable to even purchase food. A bishop takes him in, offers him what little food he has and a bed to sleep in. Jean Valjean, out of fear that he will never see kindness again in the future, takes the opportunity to steal the bishop’s silverware and leave in the night. He is then captured by the police. He tells them the bishop gave him the silverware, and the police take him back to get the bishop’s side of the story. To Jean Valjean’s amazement, the bishop not only corroborates his lie, but also gives him his silver candlesticks, saying he left in such a rush he forgot he had given him those as well.
This is everything of value that the bishop owns, and he freely gives it to the man who robbed him. He tells Valjean that with those candlesticks he is buying back his soul for God and that he must promise to become an honest man. This act of faith and kindness completely changes Jean Valjean’s life. In a world that treated him brutally his entire life, this was the first time anyone ever told him he has a soul and was willing to make a very real investment in his future and potential for goodness. Jean did not let this opportunity go to waste and spent the rest of his life living up to the Bishop’s investment in him. While this is a fictional example, fiction is often very adept at clearly illustrating important truths.
These examples show that we are not called to non-violence as just a rule to follow “because Jesus said so,” but because it is part of God’s plan to heal this broken world. It is our most effective tool to end suffering and create peace.
So how does the idea of gun control play into all this? Would a world of peace, love, and justice not include guns? Maybe. The thing it definitely wouldn't include is violence, as it's impossible to get there through violence. Many people believe the best way to limit gun violence is to make guns more difficult to own legally. The problem with this approach is that, in the name of peace, it increases violence. All laws are backed by force (violence). If something is illegal, the government will use force, up to and including violent force, to stop it. Of course, the government authorizes certain classes of people (military and police) to be exempt from these laws. In the case of gun laws, law enforcement officials are tasked with stopping other classes of people from merely passively owning weapons by using force if necessary.
The only human rights are property rights. You own yourself and the product of your labor. Any attempt to harm peaceful people or steal or damage their property is a violation of their human rights. Guns are just property. Any violent attempt to separate someone from their property is not only immoral but ineffective. It is clear that other prohibition measures, such as alcohol prohibition in the 1920's and the War On Drugs, were massive failures. They not only increased violence and destroyed lives, but were ineffective at eliminating or reducing these items. This is what prohibition of any item does.
The only way to achieve peace is by peaceful methods. Stop looking for political violence to be used against your enemies and start looking for ways to better love them. Make the decision that the cycle of violence stops here with you.
If you claim to be a citizen of Heaven, what do you do when the words of Jesus are put in stark contrast with images of a war that you supported? What do you do when you realize you're trying to defend a worldly system against a picture on the internet? Memes help us confront these contradictions head-on.
Biblical tradition has a way of hunting down and haunting the worst inclinations of people. The prophets were bold enough to do this in real-time. Regardless of the character, biblical prophets gave necessary, albeit challenging, direction to God’s people. Hosea, for example, went to such lengths to demonstrate God’s displeasure with Israel that he married a prostitute, “for the land commits great whoredom by forsaking the Lord.” He then named their subsequent children for God’s anger – “I will break Israel’s bow in the Valley of Jezreel,” “No Mercy,” and “Not my People.” Hosea goes on to conduct divorce proceedings with Israel on behalf of God, speaking to their idolatry, insolence, and deference to kings in place of the Lord, before God offers forgiveness for repentance.
Now, I'm no prophet. I don't claim to have a word from God burning within me to reconcile His people to Him. What I do have, like the prophets of old, is a hard word for American Christians. For too long, the Church - the body of Christ - has clung to ‘Ol’ Glory’ and the tenets of particular political parties instead of Christ Himself. I find myself included in this group more often than I care to admit.
In a political climate where ripping paper and shirking handshakes are business as usual, divisiveness and persuasion-polarization are nearing a fever pitch. That's not to say this is the worst these United States have seen; we killed half a million of each other in a so-called "civil" war, we shot fire hoses and sent dogs on protestors for equity, we've survived the Great Depression and the Great Recession, 9/11, and the wars of Communist Containment and the Global War on Terror.
Today, though, the discourse has shifted. We aren't arguing ideologies; we're battling neighbor against neighbor over practically anything. These aren't ethereal principles being advanced squarely in the political arena; this is the Colosseum with a line in the sand. We want ever-more extravagant theatrics in place of debate, and we're all told to pick a side. This is progressivism in contemporary terms. Every facet of life is political because every facet of life is due for examination with a federal lens. It is our duty as Christians to not only resist this basest urge but to divorce ourselves completely from it.
Based on the latest Pew data, American Evangelicals and Mormons have an empirically Republican bent, while historically black Protestant churches are reliably Democrat supporters. Both camps of political Christians have been resounding supporters of their most recent presidents, Donald Trump, and Barack Obama, respectively. Each report "ascribing a high-level of importance to their personal faith and say they participate in religious activities," yet the question is, 'where are the fruits?'
It doesn’t take a lot of time on the internet to find behaviors, statements, and policies from both parties and presidents that poorly represent Christ or make the country less safe for faith adherents. To name a few:
The bipartisan support of the federal domestic spying program.
The seemingly never-ending wars of the Middle East.
CIA torture program.
The ever-growing list of governmental powers and its associated bloated budget.
The rampant and grisly drone program known world-wide for targeting weddings, funerals, and school buses full of children.
Many of the worst aspects of the American government are common ground for the political class. Yet Christ-followers are not flooding the streets or rebuking these policies in any meaningful way. Institutionally, the Church remains silent on much of this, instead choosing only to affirm social issues they deem worthy.
Instead, conservative Christians attempt to justify war crimes, the pardoning of war criminals, torture, despotic immigration measures, and a record-setting military budget on Christian grounds. Conversely, liberal Christians can be found publicly supporting abortion, questions on marriage and ‘social justice,’ and turning a blind eye to the same foreign policy atrocities as their counterparts.
This phenomenon isn't just misguided theology. It is the worst aspect of an increasingly partisan and growing state apparatus that intrudes upon all aspects of life and therefore necessitates picking a political team. Some refer to it as mere tribalism, that peoples' tendency to organize along "in-group" lines manifests in such ugly ways. Christians, though, should see the political process for what it is in our terms: idolatry.
Throughout Hosea – and within the rest of the prophetic and historical books of the Bible, beginning in 1 Samuel 8 – God's anger is directed at this very inclination in His people. The Israelite's belief in man-made social organization, be it rulers or erudite policymaking, to usher in God's will for them was a great offense to God. It was hubris to think kings could establish a utopian vision of peaceful coexistence in love-filled communities while subduing the earth. But it wasn’t only pride, rather, a direct repudiation of God’s order. Creation wasn't to hand the reins of control to man, but rather an invitation to ride along in the cart while God led the way.
Historically, liberal Christians, particularly those in the black community, are motivated by injustice when picking political sides. Yet injustice continues, even within the ranks of the Democratic party, it is often perpetrated directly upon the poor and minority communities they claim to support. Abortions, draconian laws, the separating of families for non-violent crimes, oppressive police states, and hefty tax burdens are all foisted upon these folks by the very representatives they vote into office.
On the other hand, conservatives have tended toward traditional means of governance, including ‘original intent’ within Constitutional ‘exegesis,’ to preserve the liberty to worship and the values of Christianity. Yet, the blood of innocence cries out from the earth, spilled from regulators and warmongers lurking in DC these very Christians are frothing to support. The Christian Evangelical movement is wholly distorted by red-faced bluster about patriotism and ‘walking with a big stick,’ moot principles for those meant to inherit this earth.
As flags were unfurled and hearts were covered, American Christians should have been the first to take a knee. Not for one particular issue, but for the glory of God. There is no functional difference between the statue of Nebuchadnezzar and the monuments American's hold dear. The worship of the golden calf and the obsequious praise of the stars and stripes are one and the same. What’s worse, Christ-followers aren’t being threatened with the lion’s den, but worship stone and paper joyfully.
Brothers and sisters, resist the urge to venerate troops or the framed-faces of presidents adorning our walls. Sing your songs not to cloth and stone but to God’s glory, and refuse to pledge your allegiance to any king but Christ. For we are called to be set apart from unbelievers for God’s sake, not to be unrecognizable in the crowd of faces seeking man’s direction.
John Dangelo is a Christian, husband, father and full-time emergency room nurse. As a former Marine Corps veteran, John writes about the relationship of Christians and the state, foreign policy, and has been featured with antiwar.com. You can follow his blog and Instagram at antiwarwarvet.com and @antiwarwarvet.
1 Let every soul be subject unto the higher powers. For there is no power but of God: the powers that be are ordained of God.
2 Whosoever therefore resisteth the power, resisteth the ordinance of God: and they that resist shall receive to themselves damnation.
3 For rulers are not a terror to good works, but to the evil. Wilt thou then not be afraid of the power? Do that which is good, and thou shalt have praise of the same:
4 For he is the minister of God to thee for good. But if thou do that which is evil, be afraid; for he beareth not the sword in vain: for his is the minister of God, a revenger to execute wrath up him that doeth evil.
5 Wherefore ye must needs be subject, not only for wrath but also for conscience sake.
6 For this is cause pay ye tribute also: for they are God’s ministers, attending continually up this very thing.
7 Render therefore to all their dues: tribute to whom tribute is due: custom to whom custom: fear to whom fear: honor to whom honor.
Romans 13: 1-7 KJV
As nearly all Christian Anarchists can attest, the usage of Romans 13 has been thrown in our faces countless times as a sort of no contest card by those in support of the state. However, I argue that their perverted usage of this chapter is nothing short of ignorant when it is read from the King James Version(KJV).
As we see in Romans verse 1 (KJV), our souls are subject to the higher powers and the “powers that be are ordained by God”. In Matthew 23:10 we are told: “Neither be ye called masters: for one is your Master, even Christ.” If Christ is the only man that we call Master then who is the higher power that we are subject to? It surely can’t be the “governing authorities” that you will read of in the New American Standard Bible (NASB) and English Standard (ESV) translations.
In Romans verse 2 of the KJV, we are told: “whosoever therefore resisteth the power, resisteth the ordinance of God.” For it to be true that resisting a government’s laws also means we are resisting the ordinance of God, then the laws put in place by any government would have to be God’s laws. This would including taxation (theft), incarceration (kidnapping), murder (the death penalty) and genocide (war). These clearly fly directly in the face of Romans 13:9 (KVJ) which states:
Thou shalt not commit adultery, Thou shall not kill, Thou shalt not steal, Thou shalt not bear false witness, Thou shalt not covet: and if there be any other commandment, it is briefly comprehended in this saying, namely, Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself.
There are countless examples of atrocities committed, not only by those currently in power, but those who have been in power in the past, who have used Romans 13 as justification for their actions and to garner support. There are countless examples, from German pastors of the 1930’s and 40’s amassing support for the Third Reich, to the defense of slavery in the American south, all the way to 2018, when Attorney General Jeff Sessions quoted Romans 13 (poorly), in order to defend the separation of families and the caging of children. A mild understanding of history and the atrocities committed by those in power is all it takes to see that the Government cannot possibly be who Paul is directing us to obey, i.e. Christ. Even as Paul tells us that rulers “are not a terror to good works,” we must remember that, ultimately, it was the Roman State that killed Christ for his good works.
We will now examine Romans 13:4 (KJV) in relation to Romans 12:19 (KJV). Romans 12:19 (KJV) states:
“Dearly beloved avenge not yourselves, but rather give place unto wrath: for it is written Vengeance is mine: I will repay, saith the Lord.”
When we turn to Romans 13:4 (KJV) we see it is written:
“...he beareth not the sword in vain: for he is the minister of God, a revenger to execute wrath upon him that doeth evil.”
I remember the first time I read Romans 12 and 13 back to back, and as soon as I read “revenger” in Romans 13 (KJV) the first thing that came to my mind was: “I JUST READ ABOUT THIS GUY!”. If vengeance belongs to the Lord, which we are told us explicitly in Deuteronomy 32:35 (KJV), how can Romans 13 (KJV) possibly be talking about anyone else? When we look at Romans verses 6 and 7(KJV), Paul has laid out exactly who we should recognize as the higher power. This higher power is the one who we are supposed to pay tribute and custom. In Mark 12:17 (KJV) we are told to:
“render to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s and to God the things that are God’s.”
In Luke 23:2 (KJV), as Christ is taken before Pilate, the chief priests proclaim:
“We found this fellow perverting the nation, and forbidding to give tribute to Caesar.”
It is because of this verse in Luke that we know Christ was in fact repudiating the state’s claim to tributes as well as customs. Paul continues in Romans 13:7(KJV), he tells us that we owe “fear to whom fear” is due. As Christ told us in Matthew 10:28 (KJV), “fear not them which kill the body, but are not able to kill the soul: but rather fear him which is able to destroy both soul and body in hell,” if we are to pay fear to anyone then it is to God and God alone and not those who kill the body, i.e. the state.
The last thing we are told by Paul in verse 7 (KJV), is that we owe “honour to whom honour” is due. Christ tells us, in John 5:23 (KJV), “that all men should honour the Son, even as they honour the Father. He that honoureth not the Son honoureth not the Father which hath sent him.” This stands to reason that Paul would not be telling us to honour the state after Christ had already given us instruction to honour Him and the Father.
As Christians, Paul gave us a step by step guide to giving glory to God in this particular chapter of Romans. However, it is of no great surprise that such a powerful chapter has been perverted to be used as propaganda by those who seek to rule. Yet, when we read from the King James Version of the Bible, it allows us to understand that Paul was most definitely not referring to any “governing authorities” when he addressed the Romans.
